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Competing displays include the Cathode ray tube, OLED, AMLCD, DLP, SED-tv and field emission flat panel displays. The main advantage of plasma display technology is that a very wide screen can be produced using extremely thin materials. Since each pixel is lit individually, the image is very bright and looks good from almost every angle. Because many plasma displays still have a lower resolution the image quality is often not quite up to the standards of good LCD displays or cathode ray tube sets, but it certainly meets most people's expectations. Also, most cheaper consumer displays appear to have an insufficient color depth - a moving dithering pattern may be easily noticible for a discerning viewer over flat areas or smooth gradients; expensive high-res panels are much better at managing the problem. Each pixel consists of a column of liquid crystal molecules suspended between two transparent electrodes, and two polarizing filters, the axes of polarity of which are perpendicular to each other. Without the liquid crystals between them, light passing through one would be blocked by the other. The liquid crystal twists the polarization of light entering one filter to allow it to pass through the other. IPS
General characteristics Transflective LCDs work as either transmissive or reflective LCDs, depending on the ambient light. They work reflectively when external light levels are high, and transmissively in darker environments via a low-power backlight. Drawbacks The Plasma display panel was invented at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign by Donald L. Bitzer and H. Gene Slottow in 1964 for the PLATO Computer System. The original monochrome (usually orange or green) panels enjoyed a surge of popularity in the early 1970s because the displays were rugged and needed neither memory nor refresh circuitry. There followed a long period of sales decline in the late 1970s as semiconductor memory made CRT displays incredibly cheap. Nonetheless, plasma's relatively large screen size and thin profile made the displays attractive for high-profile placement such as lobbies and stock exchanges. In 1983, IBM introduced a 19" orange on black monochrome display (model 3290 'information panel') which was able to show four simultaneous 3270 virtual machine (VM) terminal sessions. In 1992, Fujitsu introduced the world's first 21-inch full color display. It was a hybrid based on the plasma display created at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and NHK STRL, achieving superior brightness.
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MVA Until quite recently (c. 2004) the superior brightness and viewing angle of color plasma panels, when compared to LCD, made them one of the most popular forms of display for HDTV. However since that time improvements in LCD technology have closed the gap dramatically. The much lower weight, price and power consumption of LCDs have seen them make large inroads into the former plasma market. Sony now only sell a very limited range of Plasma screens and appear set to quit this market altogether. * Many users of older (around pre-2000) LCD monitors get migraines and other severe eyestrain problems from the flicker nature of the fluorescent backlights. If you experience eyestrain issues with LCDs, consider these possibilities: using a small resolution for reading text, on a >=15 inch LCD, glare from another light, brightness is set too low or high, defective backlight, LCD monitor is too close, or too far away, Not using WindowsXP Cleartype (generally helps improve font visibility, but can cause some problems in some cases). During the 1970s and early 1980s, LCD technology was not yet mature. However, during the early 80's timeframe, a tabletop video game called Popeye was made with a color LCD, a device with technology ahead of it's time. Technologies used for portable devices made prior to the 1990s to use color graphics include tabletop video games that use Vacuum fluorescent displays and also, before modern laptop computers that used color graphics, the so-called luggable computer, Commodore SX-64 used color graphics on a mini-CRT. The Commodore SX-64 was however bulky hence the aforementioned term luggable. A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector. It is prized by engineers because it uses very small amounts of electric power, and is therefore suitable for use in battery-powered electronic devices. The glass panels seem to be vacuum sealed, because when they are broken,the plasma breaks up,seemingly from the addition of air to the space.
Main article: Color LCD IPS Plasma displays are bright (1000 lx or higher for the module), have a wide color gamut, and can be produced in fairly large sizes, up to 260 cm (102 inches) diagonally. They have a very high "dark-room" contrast, creating the "perfect black" desirable for watching movies. The display panel is only 6 cm (2 1/2 inches) thick, while the total thickness, including electronics, is less than 10 cm (4 inches). Plasma displays use as much power per square meter as a CRT or an AMLCD television; in 2004 the cost has come down to US$1900 or less for the popular 42 inch (107 cm) diagonal size, making it very attractive for home-theatre use. Real life measurements of plasma power consumption find it to be much less than that normally quoted by manufacturers. Nominal measuments indicate 150 Watts for a 50" screen. The lifetime of the latest generation of PDPs is estimated at 60,000 hours to half life when displaying video. Half life is the point where the picture has degraded to half of its original brightness, which is considered the end of the functional life of the display. So if you use it at an average of 2-1/2 hours a day, the PDP will last approximately 65 years. Some LCD panels have defective transistors, causing permanently lit or unlit pixels. Unlike integrated circuits, LCD panels with a few defective pixels are usually still usable. It is also economically prohibitive to discard a panel with just a few bad pixels because LCD panels are much larger than ICs. Manufacturers have different standards for determining a maximum acceptable number of defective pixels. The following table presents the maximum acceptable number of defective pixels for IBM's ThinkPad laptop line.